AP78L12VL-A

Product Overview

• Category: Voltage Regulator
• Use: To regulate and stabilize the output voltage in electronic circuits
• Characteristics:
  • Compact size
  • High efficiency
  • Low dropout voltage
  • Thermal shutdown protection
• Package: TO-92
• Essence: Linear voltage regulator
• Packaging/Quantity: Available in reels or tubes, quantity varies based on supplier

Specifications

• Input Voltage Range: 14V to 35V
• Output Voltage: 12V
• Output Current: 100mA
• Dropout Voltage: 2V (maximum)
• Operating Temperature Range: -40°C to +125°C
• Line Regulation: ±0.5%
• Load Regulation: ±1%

Detailed Pin Configuration

The AP78L12VL-A voltage regulator has three pins:

1. Input (VIN): Connects to the input voltage source.
2. Ground (GND): Connected to the ground reference of the circuit.
3. Output (VOUT): Provides the regulated output voltage.

Functional Features

• Voltage Regulation: The AP78L12VL-A maintains a constant output voltage of 12V, regardless of variations in the input voltage or load conditions.
• Thermal Shutdown Protection: In case of excessive temperature, the regulator shuts down to prevent damage.
• Low Dropout Voltage: The dropout voltage is minimal, ensuring efficient power conversion even with low input-output voltage differentials.
• High Efficiency: The regulator operates with high efficiency, minimizing power dissipation and maximizing battery life in portable devices.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages: - Compact size allows for easy integration into space-constrained designs. - Stable and reliable output voltage ensures proper functioning of connected components. - Thermal shutdown protection prevents damage due to overheating. - High efficiency reduces power consumption and extends battery life.

Disadvantages: - Limited output current capability (100mA) may not be suitable for high-power applications. - Dropout voltage of 2V may restrict usage in low-voltage systems.

Working Principles

The AP78L12VL-A is a linear voltage regulator that uses a pass transistor to regulate the output voltage. It compares the output voltage with a reference voltage and adjusts the pass transistor accordingly to maintain a constant output voltage. The regulator dissipates excess energy as heat, which is why it has a maximum operating temperature limit.

Detailed Application Field Plans

The AP78L12VL-A is commonly used in various electronic devices and circuits, including:

1. Consumer Electronics: Powering audio amplifiers, LED displays, and small motors.
2. Automotive Electronics: Providing stable voltage for sensors, actuators, and control modules.
3. Industrial Control Systems: Regulating voltage for PLCs, motor drives, and instrumentation circuits.
4. Telecommunications: Ensuring consistent voltage supply for communication devices and network equipment.

Detailed and Complete Alternative Models

1. LM7805: A popular alternative with a fixed 5V output voltage.
2. LM317: Adjustable voltage regulator capable of providing different output voltages.
3. L78xx: Series of fixed output voltage regulators available in various voltage options.

These alternatives offer similar functionality but may have different specifications and package types. It is important to select the appropriate model based on specific requirements and constraints.

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